Essay/Term paper: Titus

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Position Papers

Desdemona, on the other hand, is only heard talking naturally with other people. Yet, she too is

developed through both the content and form of her speech. For example, Desdemona's

conversations with Emilia, particularly at the end of the play (IV, iii), reveal aspects of her

character as well as Emilia's character. Have students look at these and discuss what they reveal

about each of the characters.

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When it was enacted upon the stage, Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus was most probably received

by its 16th century audiences in much the same way as Dallas and Melrose Place are received by

contemporary 20th century audiences. Therefore it is important to remember that art does not

necessarily have to be haute couture in order to be an accurate representation of popular

ideologies. In fact, more often than not, it is the entertainment of the bourgeois that is a better

mimic of these ideologies. If we realize that Shakespeare's primary objective was not to make

social commentary or criticize his own culture but rather to entertain, we can observe how his

works, and indeed almost all works of art, as Frederic Jameson has stated, "as though for the first

time, bring into being that very situation to which [they are] also, at one and the same time, a

reaction." (Montrose essay, p.57) With this is mind I would like to reveal how Shakespeare's

treatment of the female character Lavinia in Titus Andronicus is a window through which can be

seen not only the objectification of woman in 16th and 17th century culture and some of the

problems which arise when the woman is viewed as an assignable property, but also the subtle

shift from the outward control of woman to the interiorizing of control of woman through her

own self-image.

Perhaps most easily recognizable is the objectification and assignability of 16th and 17th century

woman. By objectification and assignability I mean the near-universal notion, and in many cases

legal fact, that women, especially of the upper class, were accepted by their fathers, their

husbands, and the state, to be bought, sold, and treated as property. At the very beginning of the

play Lavinia is referred to as "Rome's rich ornament" by her suitor Bassianus (I.i.). When she

actually enters the scene she has eight lines of praise for her father's valor and honor and then,

after a cursory acknowledgment by him, she is silent. Meanwhile her father chooses the new

king, the new king chooses her as his bride, her father agrees (although he seems more proud to

be able to give his sword, chariot, and prisoners as gifts), and her new fiance almost immediately,

albeit inconspicuously, decides he has made a bad choice. After her initial eight lines, she does

not speak again until Saturninus asks her if she is "not displeased" to be the new queen, to which

she replies, "Not I, my lord," even though a mere sixteen lines later we discover she is already

betrothed to Bassianus. Lavinia has so given herself to patriarchal control that she abandons her

fiance without a word to the contrary and patiently accepts her assignability as a fact of life.

Lavinia starts the play as her father's daughter, to be given away as a token of his esteem.

Saturninus says he will marry her, "to advance [the] name and honourable family" of Titus. She

then becomes Bassianus' wife. For obeying her father and consenting to marry Saturninus even

though she was already betrothed to Bassianus, Saturninus calls her a "changing piece" for

allowing herself to be seized by Bassianus. The culture expected her to do as her father

commanded, but when she did so she appeared inconstant because she had to give up her

betrothed. Lavinia was caught in a catch-22.

Though not as overtly stated as in the case of Bianca in The Taming of the Shrew, one of

Lavinia's most alluring qualities is her silence. Apparently an Elizabethan audience would have

been much impressed that she could hold her tongue until Act II sc.ii, and then only to say that

she had woken up early, which is precisely what her husband wanted her to say. During the

interim one of her brothers was killed for defending Bassianus' claim to her, the emperor chose a

new queen, her father was accused of traitorously mocking the emperor, and she was accused of

sexual promiscuity. Like a batterred and abused daytime soap-opera heroine she would still have

been loved by her audience for being a specimen of silence and docility. Lavinia's situation and

its para-doxical results, unlike Bianca's, show the damage to relationships that are caused by the

assignation of women.